Orthorhombic full-waveform inversion and model building for azimuthal anisotropy in the presence of gas bodies

Deriving high-resolution velocity models in heavily faulted areas is challenging. This is further complicated by the presence of gas bodies at multiple depth levels. In case of a WAZ or FAZ dataset, azimuthal anisotropy effect can be significant, depending on the presence of a principal stress orientation. To address these challenges, orthorhombic full waveform inversion (Ort-FWI) approach has been used to recover a high-resolution velocity model, addressing lateral velocity variations across faults or due to gas bodies, while honoring the azimuthal velocity variations. We show how Ort-FWI produces a high-resolution velocity model that improves fault focusing and heals fault and gas shadow effects.